Biological Applications of Time-Resolved, Pump-Probe Fluorescence Microscopy and Spectroscopy in the Frequency Domain

In biological applications of optical microscopy, technical developments often lead to novel imaging modalities with significant applications. For example, the development of confocal microscopy led to microscopic imaging with enhanced contrast (see Chapter 5), and the more recent development of two-photon fluorescence microscopy revolutionized fluorescence microscopy by providing an imaging modality capable of high image contrast, reduced photodamage, and exciting possibilities in controlling localized photochemical reactions in three dimensions (see Chapters 9-13).