Visual dysfunction and its correlation with retinal changes in patients with Parkinson disease

Purpose To evaluate visual dysfunction and its correlation with structural changes in the retina in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods Patients with PD (n = 37) and controls (n = 37) underwent visual acuity (VA), color vision (using the Farnsworth and L´Anthony desaturated D15 color tests), and contrast sensitivity vision (CSV; using the Pelli Robson chart and CSV 1000E test) evaluation to measure visual dysfunction. Structural measurements of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and macular and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thicknesses were obtained using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Comparison of obtained data and correlation analysis between functional and structural results were performed. Results VA (in all different contrast levels) and all CSV spatial frequencies were significantly worse in PD patients than in controls (P   0.70, p < 0.05). Conclusion Patients with PD had visual dysfunction that correlated with structural changes evaluated by SD-OCT. Macular and GCL measurements may be reliable indicators of visual impairment in PD patients.