Radiological and histological evaluation of horizontal ridge augmentation using corticocancellous freeze-dried bone allograft with and without autogenous bone: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was radiological and histological evaluation of horizontal ridge augmentation using corticocancellous freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) with and without autogenous bone (AB). MATERIALS AND METHODS The present research was conducted on 42 patients (27 females and 15 males) with insufficient width of edentulous ridge. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups, FDBA alone + collagen membrane (n = 21) and the combined FDBA and AB + collagen membrane (n = 21). The horizontal alveolar ridge dimensions were measured using cone-beam computerized tomography before and 6 months after alveolar ridge augmentation. At the time of insertion of implants, biopsy of new bone was taken from 11 patients in each group and was analyzed histologically. The obtained data were statistically analyzed with paired t test and two-sample t test. The registration number was IRCT201109165305N3. RESULTS The mean ± SD ridge width gain after 6 months at the distance of 0, 2, 4, and 6 mm from crest of alveolar ridge was 2.78 ± 1.44, 3.05 ± 1.21, 2.82 ± 1.62, and 2.23 ± 1.95 mm in the FDBA group and 2.40 ± 1.60, 3.10 ± 1.80, 3.60 ± 1.87, and 2.65 ± 2.39 mm in the combined group, respectively, which was statistically significant in both groups using paired t test (P  .05). Amount of new bone generation, remained particles, and connective tissue was not statistically different between two groups (P = .367, P = .428, and P = .598, respectively). CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, corticocancellous FDBA granules along with collagen membrane can successfully be used for horizontal augmentation of edentulous ridge, and adding AB to the granules of FDBA does not significantly increase the quality and quantity of regenerated bone.