Ectopic Breast Cancer: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Ectopic breast tissue comes in two forms: supernumerary and aberrant. Despite morphologic differ- ences, ectopic breast tissue presents characteristics analo- gous to orthotopic breast tissue in terms of function and, most importantly, pathologic degeneration. Data in the literature concerning its precise incidence, the probability of malignant degeneration, and its standardized manage- ment are scarce and controversial. This study selected more than 100 years of literature, and this report discusses a case of ectopic breast cancer treatment, suggesting novel ther- apeutic advice that could bring considerable clinical advantages, improve cosmetic results, and reduce the psychological impact on patients. Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.