Newforms with rational coefficients

We consider the set of classical newforms with rational coefficients and no complex multiplication. We study the distribution of quadratic twist-classes of these forms with respect to weight k and minimal level N. We conjecture that for each weight \(k \ge 6\), there are only finitely many classes. In large weights, we make this conjecture effective: in weights \(18 \le k \le 24\), all classes have \(N \le 30\); in weights \(26 \le k \le 50\), all classes have \(N \in \{2,6\}\); and in weights \(k \ge 52\), there are no classes at all. We study some of the newforms appearing on our conjecturally complete list in more detail, especially in the cases \(N=2\), 3, 4, 6, and 8, where formulas can be kept nearly as simple as those for the classical case \(N=1\).