The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Pericarditis: Potential for Therapeutic Approaches.

Summary Human samples of patients with chronic pericarditis and appropriate control subjects were stained for the inflammasome components. A mouse model of pericarditis was developed through the intrapericardial injection of zymosan A. Different inflammasome blockers were tested in the mouse model. Patients with pericarditis presented an intensification of the inflammasome activation compared with control subjects. The experimental model showed the pathological features of pericarditis. Among inflammasome blockers, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, anakinra, and interleukin-1 trap were found to significantly improve pericardial alterations. Colchicine partially improved the pericardial inflammation. An intense activation of the inflammasome in pericarditis was demonstrated both in humans and in mice.