Medication adherence among female inmates with bipolar disorder: results from a randomized controlled trial.

: To describe the differences in medication adherence between 2 groups of inmates in the Connecticut Department of Correction diagnosed with bipolar disorder treated with either the Texas Implementation of Medication Algorithm (TIMA) for Bipolar Disorder or treatment as usual (TAU). Using a prospective longitudinal analysis of secondary data and chart data, a comparison was made between participants who were assigned either to TIMA or TAU and treated for 12 weeks for either Bipolar Disorder Type I or II. A secondary data set containing 12 weeks of medication data was combined with medical chart data, including medication administration records, which were retrospectively reviewed to determine numbers of psychotropic and other medications prescribed, number of doses per day prescribed, number of times the medications were taken, any patterns and reasons for missed doses, and side effects experienced. High rates of psychotropic medication nonadherence were observed among female inmates with bipolar disorder, with the mood stabilizers as the most frequently missed medications. Analyses revealed an interaction of Treatment Condition × Baseline Adherence × Time in Treatment × Biweekly Symptom Severity. Regardless of treatment condition, participants exhibiting high baseline adherence exhibited greater decreases in daily adherence over time; in addition, participants at Time 8 (Weeks 7 and 8) and later exhibited poorer adherence if they had more severe symptoms during those weeks. TIMA participants missed fewer doses than TAU participants. Future research is needed to uncover what factors most significantly contribute to psychotropic medication adherence.