Fasting glucose to adiponectin ratio is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Adiponectin and resistin are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes but it is not yet concluded whether adiponectin and resistin are the causal factors of diabetes. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the association of serum adiponectin and resistin with insulin secretory capacity and insulin resistance in subjects with impaired glucose regulation (IGR). Twenty four subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 58 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 30 with IFG-IGT were recruited in this study. Forty four non-diabetic healthy controls with on family history of diabetes or prediabetes were also recruited. Serum insulin, adiponectin and resistin levels were measured using ELISA technique. Serum adiponectin and resistin levels were not significantly different among the study groups. Ratios of fasting insulin with adiponectin and resistin were increased, both in IGT and IFG-IGT subjects. Binary logistic regression analysis have shown that ratio of fasting glucose to Adiponectin was significantly associated (=1.085, p=0.031) with IGR subjects when age and body mass index were adjusted. Ratios of fasting glucose to adiponectin and resistin were also increased in IFG-IGT subjects. Multiple regression analysis have shown that ratio of fasting insulin to Adiponectin was negatively associated (=-0.201, p=0.034) with insulin sensitivity (HOMA% S) and positively (=0.507, p=0.0001) with insulin secretory capacity (HOMA% B) in IGR subjects. On the other hand, ratio of fasting insulin to Resistin showed significant negative association (=-0.237, p=0.015) with HOMA% S and positive association with HOMA% B, (=0.506, p=0.001) in IGR subjects. The findings indicate that ratio of fasting glucose to adiponectin may be an important factor for the development of type2 diabetes.