Fragment-type UHF RFID tag embedded in QR barcode label

The fragment-type appearance of two-dimensional barcodes provides the hint of embedding a fragment-type ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) tag into the barcode. In this reported work, genetic algorithm searching is used to select which modules in a quick response (QR) barcode should be metalised and connected to form the RFID tag antenna. The design is demonstrated by embedding a 915 MHz UHF RFID tag in a QR barcode label of dimensions 14.5 × 14.5 mm on a single-sided PCB.