Sample preparation protocols for realization of reproducible characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes

Harmonized sample pre-treatment is an essential first step in ensuring quality of measurements as regards repeatability, interlaboratory reproducibility and commutability. The development of standard preparation methods for single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) samples is therefore essential to progress in their investigation and eventual commercialization. Here, descriptions of sample preparation and pre-treatment for the physicochemical characterization of SWCNTs are provided. Analytical methods of these protocols include scanning electron microscopy (dry, wet), transmission electron microscopy (dry, wet), atomic force microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, neutron activation analysis, Raman spectroscopy (dry, wet), UV–Vis–NIR absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy, manometric isothermal gas adsorption and thermogravimetric analysis. Although sample preparation refers to these specific methods, application to other methods for measurement and characterization of SWCNTs can be envisioned.