Percutaneous Transjejunal Biliary Access in 60 Patients with Bilioenteric Anastomoses

Abstract Purpose To determine success and complication rates of percutaneous transjejunal biliary access (PTJBA) in patients with bilioenteric anastomoses. Materials and Methods In a single-center, retrospective study, 169 PTJBA procedures were performed over a 13.8-y period in 60 subjects (47 male; mean age, 54.5 y). Indications for biliary interventions were cholangitis (137 cases, 45 subjects) or hyperbilirubinemia (32 cases, 18 subjects). All patients had antecolic bilioenteric anastomoses without surgical fixation to the peritoneum (liver transplantation with hepaticojejunostomy, n = 37; hepatectomy with hepaticojejunostomy, n = 8; hepaticojejunostomy only, n = 12; pancreaticoduodenectomy, n = 3). Results Initial PTJBA was successful in 140 cases (82.8%) in 35 subjects (58.3%). Twenty-one additional PTJBAs (12.4%) in 18 subjects (30.0%) were performed secondarily following a conventional transhepatic approach. Radiographic markers on the Roux-en-Y limb ( P = . 14, odds ratio [OR] = 2.98) or preprocedural imaging ( P = . 13, OR = 10.00) did not increase the odds of successful PTJBA. There were 7 major complications (4.3%) in 6 patients (10.0%) requiring hospitalization longer than 5 d, and 37 minor complications (23.0%) in 19 patients (31.7%). No procedure-related mortality was observed. Minor and major complication rates were not affected by time between bilioenteric anastomosis creation and PTJBA ( P = . 70, OR = 1.00; P = . 62, OR = 1.00), longer dwell time of a transjejunal drain ( P = . 68, OR = 1.02; P = . 49, OR = 0.71), or access size ( P = . 40, OR = 0.85; P = . 23, OR = 0.59). Conclusions PTJBA is a relatively safe technique with a high success rate in patients with bilioenteric loops that are not surgically fixed to the peritoneum.