Work-related physical, psychosocial and individual factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms among surgeons: Implications for ergonomic interventions

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of physical, psychosocial and individual factors on the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) among surgeons ( n  = 312) in Iran. Data were collected using questionnaires and analysed by multivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of MSS, particularly in the knees (48.7%), neck (45.8%), low back (42.3%) and shoulders (40.1%) was relatively high. Work-related factors including time spent on surgeries each week (>25 h/week), number of hours working in standing position per day (>4 h/day), moderate to high levels of work–family conflict, duration of each surgery (>3 h), number of years worked as a surgeon (>10 years) and surgical specialty (particularly cardiothoracic and obstetric/gynecologic surgeries) were independently associated with the presence of MSS in different body regions. Individual factors including gender (being female) and little or no involvement in sport and physical activity were also independently associated with the occurrence of complaints. Implications of the findings for further research and development work for improving the working conditions and consequently reducing MSS among this working group are discussed.