Predictive validity of the Braden Scale for pressure ulcer risk in hospitalized patients

Abstract Purpose Although the Braden Scale has been used as a basic tool to assess pressure ulcer risk, the validity of its effectiveness and accuracy was insufficient. Therefore, this study developed the groundwork for the predictive validity of the Braden Scale through a meta-analysis of prospective diagnosis assessment research. Methods Articles published between 1966 and 2013 from periodicals indexed in the Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, KoreaMed, NDSL and other databases were selected, using the keyword ‘pressure ulcer'. QUADAS-II was applied to assess the internal validity of the diagnostic studies. Selected studies were analyzed using meta-analysis with MetaDiSc 1.4. Results Twenty-one diagnostic studies with high methodological quality, involving 6070 patients, were included. The meta-analysis revealed that the pooled sensitivity was 0.72 (95% CI 0.68, 0.75); pooled specificity was 0.81 (95% CI 0.80, 0.82), and the sROC AUC was 0.84 (SE = 0.02). A detail analysis confirmed that age and reference standards were the factors that affected the diagnostic accuracy of the Braden Scale. Conclusion The results suggest that the Braden Scale has a moderate predictive validity. This research also revealed the possibility that the predictive validity of the Braden Scale could be enhanced if it was applied differently according to the attributes of the study subjects.