Clinical predictors of internal carotid artery blowout in patients with radiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND The primary objective is to identify clinical predictors of internal carotid artery (ICA) blowout in radiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS Seventeen ICA blowouts, 14 external carotid artery (ECA) bleeds, and 60 controls were identified from January 1, 2007 to July 31, 2020. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify features predictive of ICA blowouts. RESULTS Headache was significantly more common among ICA blowouts than ECA bleeds and controls (58.8% vs. 7.1% vs. 6.7%, p < 0.001). The petrous skull base and sphenoid sinus lateral wall was eroded in all petrous and cavernous segment blowouts, respectively. Nasoendoscopy showing exposed clivus (OR 20.5, 95%CI 1.3-324.2) and computed tomography demonstrating skull base erosion (OR 17.8, 95%CI 1.0-311.0) were significantly associated with ICA blowouts compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Findings of headache and skull base erosion on nasoendoscopy or imaging during NPC surveillance warrants prophylactic intervention to avoid an ICA blowout.