Cystoscopic bladder biopsies: A histopathological study

Urothelial carcinoma is the most common tumor of the bladder and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Cystitis constitutes an important source of clinical signs and symptoms. In this prospective study 18 cystoscopic biopsies subjected for histopathological examination were taken. The study was conducted in the department of Pathology of Nepal Medial College Teaching Hospital over a period of one year (October 2012 to October 2013). The mean age of the patient undergoing cystoscopic biopsy was 60.6 years, most of the patients being elderly male. 50% cases were clinically malignant. The most common histopathological diagnosis was cystitis (33.3%) followed by non invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma, low grade (27.7%). 55.6% are neoplastic lesions. 50% of the case was malignant lesions on histopathology. Among the malignant lesion of urinary bladder 88.9% were urothelial tumor and 11.1% were glandular neoplasm (adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell). There was no detrusor muscle in 37.5% cases of urothelial tumor to assess the muscle invasion. 25% cases of urothelial tumor shows muscle invasion. Histopathological study of cystoscopic biopsy helps in early detection of tumor and its management.