Pre-operative prediction of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy using clinical and ultrasonographic parameters.

Abstract Pre-operative prediction of a difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) can help the patient as well as the surgeon prepare better for the intra-operative risk and the risk of conversion to open cholecystectomy. In 105 eligible patients who underwent LC during May 2001 to January 2003, patient characteristics, clinical history, laboratory data, ultrasonography results and intra-operative details were prospectively analyzed to determine predictors of difficult LC. Of 105 patients, 12 (11.4%) required conversion to open cholecystectomy. Significant predictors of conversion were body mass index> 30 Kg/m2, male gender, past history of acute cholecystitis or acute pancreatitis, past history of upper abdominal surgery, and gall bladder wall thickness exceeding 3 mm. Clinical and ultrasonograpic factors can help predict difficult LC and likelihood of conversion of LC to open surgery.