Calcium sulfate applications in dentistry: A literature review

Calcium sulfate (CS) is a ubiquitous compound that has been incorporated in several medical and dental procedures. This can be attributed to its many advantageous characteristics, including being resorbable as well as its biocompatibility. Primarily, it was used to help treat a variety of osseous defects by acting as a bone substitute. Due to its unique properties, other therapeutic applications have been identified. Whilst the outcomes of these applications are varied, they have shown to be beneficial within the disciplines of endodontics, periodontics and oral & maxillofacial surgery. The aim of this review is to thoroughly discuss CS including its characteristics, chemical and physical properties, and known relative indications in dentistry. Clinical studies reporting the outcomes of CS for particular treatment modalities are further analyzed and discussed.