Aspects epidemiologiques, cliniques et therapeutiques des eclampsies a la reanimation gyneco-obstetricale du chu Sylvanus Olympio (CHU-SO) de Lome

Objectif : Decrire les aspects epidemiologiques, cliniques et therapeutiques des eclampsies en reanimation gyneco-obstetricale du CHU Sylvanus Olympio (CHU-SO) de Lome. Patientes et methodes : Il s’est agi d’une etude retrospective menee sur une periode de ans (1er janvier 2011 au 31 decembre 2013) dans le service de reanimation gynecoobstetricale du CHU-SO de Lome sur des patientes hospitalisees pour eclampsie. Resultats : L’etude a concerne 243 patientes. La prevalence de l’eclampsie etait de 1,2%. L’âge moyen des patientes etait de 28 ans avec des extremes de 14 et 42 ans. 55,6% des eclamptiques etaient primigestes, 55,1% nullipares avec un bas niveau socioeconomique dans 61,3% des cas. Les patientes presentaient toutes une hypertension arterielle et des crises convulsives a l’admission. 47,7% presentaient des troubles de la conscience. La cesarienne etait le principal mode d’accouchement (77,4%). L’etat de mal eclamptique (38,5%) et l’hemorragie de la delivrance (30,1%) etaient les principales causes de deces maternel. Conclusion : L’eclampsie est une urgence obstetricale grave, grevee d’une morbi mortalite materno foetale elevee. L’etat de mal eclamptique et l’hemorragie de la delivrance etaient les principales causes de deces maternel. Mots cles : Eclampsie, reanimation gynecologie, obstetrique. ABSTRACT Purpose : To describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of eclampsia in Gynecologic and Obstetrics Critical Care Unit at Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lome. Patients and methods : Retrospective study conducted at gynecologic obstetrics Critical Care Unit of Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lome from 1st January 2011 to 31 December 2013 on patients admitted for eclampsia. Results : The study included 243 patients. The prevalence of eclampsia in our series was 1.2%. The average age of patients was 28 years old (extremes of 14 and 42 years old). The majority of eclamptic were primigravida (55.6%), nulliparous (55.1%) with a low socioeconomic level (61.3%). All patients exhibited high blood pressure and seizures at admission. Less than half of them (47.7%) had impaired consciousness at admission. Cesarean section was the main mode of delivery (77.4%). The state of evil eclamptic (38.5%) and postpartum hemorrhage (30.8%) were the major causes of maternal death. Conclusion : Eclampsia is a serious obstetric emergency, burdened with high maternal morbidity and mortality. The state of evil eclamptic (38.46%) and postpartum hemorrhage (30.77%) were the major causes of maternal death. Keywords : eclampsia, gynecology, obstetric, resuscitation