Zoonotic and host-adapted genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in dairy cattle in Hebei and Tianjin, China

Abstract A total of 1040 fecal samples, collected from 12 dairy cattle farms in Hebei and Tianjin, near the Bohai area of China, were screened for Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi by polymerase chain reaction. The overall prevalence for Cryptosporidium , G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi was 1.0% (n = 10), 4.7% (n = 49) and 19.4% (n = 202), respectively. Ten Cryptosporidium -positive samples were identified as C. parvum by DNA sequence analysis of the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene. DNA sequencing of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene revealed that the C. parvum samples were all subtype IIdA19G1. Forty-nine G. duodenalis -positive samples belonged to assemblage E (n = 47) and assemblage E mixed with A (n = 2), based on the sequenced SSU rRNA, triosephosphate isomerase, and glutamate dehydrogenase genes. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene identified six known E. bieneusi genotypes, I (n = 87), J (n = 83), BEB4 (n = 18), BEB6 (n = 3), N (n = 1) and Ebpc (n = 1), along with three new genotypes, CHC6 (n = 1), CHC7 (n = 1) and CHC8 (n = 7). Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ebpc belonged to zoonotic group 1, whereas the other E. bieneusi genotypes clustered within group 2. More studies are needed to better understand the species distributions and public health significance of these pathogens in the study areas.