Biomarkers and prognostication in traumatic brain injury

A number of patients who suffer from mild head injury later on develop significant disabilities. Biomarkers help identify and quantify the extent of injury and help predict the possible functional outcome of the patients. There are promising candidate biomarkers for axonal injury (Tau) and astrocytic damage (glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100β) in traumatic brain injury. However, the biological significance of these markers cannot be confidently declared due to lack of studies with adequate sample size.