Ex vivo effect of gold nanoparticles on porcine synovial membrane

sizes (5–52 nm) and biomarker levels of inflammation were determined to characterize the ex vivo particle interaction with the synovium. Lipopolysaccharide or recombinant human interleukin-1 β were added to fluid environments to assess the ex vivo effect of pro-inflammatory factors on permeability and biomarker levels. The synovium showed size selective permeability with only 5 nm a uNps effectively permeating the entire tissues’ width. This process was further governed by particle stability in the fluid environment. a uNps reduced matrix metalloproteinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity and hyaluronic acid concentrations but had no effect on prostaglandin e 2 levels. exposure to pro-inflammatory factors did not significantly affect auNp permeation or biomarker levels in this model. r esults with ex vivo tissue modeling of porcine synovium support an anti-inflammatory effect of a uNps warranting further investigation.