Bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting: Does graft configuration affect outcome?

Abstract Background Despite evidence that bilateral internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) improve long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), uptake of this technique remains low. We directly compared bilateral ITA graft configurations and examined long-term outcomes. Methods We reviewed 762 patients who underwent CABG using bilateral ITA grafts at our institution between 1997 and 2014. The outcomes were mortality and a composite revascularization end point defined as need for percutaneous coronary intervention or repeat CABG. Adjusted subgroup analyses were performed using propensity score-adjusted Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results The cohort was divided into 4 groups: in situ (left ITA [LITA] anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery [LAD] with in situ right ITA [RITA] anastomosed to the left coronary circulation [239 patients]); in situ LITA-LAD and in situ RITA-right coronary circulation (239 patients); in situ RITA-LAD with in situ LITA-left coronary circulation (185 patients); and in situ LITA-LAD with a free RITA as a composite graft with inflow from the LITA or a saphenous vein graft (99 patients). Over a median follow-up of 1128 days, there were 47 deaths, 58 late percutaneous coronary interventions, and 7 repeat CABG procedures. Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a difference in need for repeat revascularization among the 4 groups (log rank P  = .049). However, after statistical adjustment, graft configuration was not an independent predictor of repeat revascularization or death. Conclusions Bilateral ITA graft configuration has no independent effect on need for repeat revascularization or long-term survival. Therefore, the simplest technique, determined by individual patient characteristics, should be selected.