Advances in the study of urinary exosomes as biomarkers of genitourinary tumors

Exosomes are membranous vesicles secreted by a variety of cells, including tumor cells, with stable characters, which can reflect the physiological/pathological state of the source cells, indicating good sources of biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. Urine exosomes are directly derived from the urinary system and play a more direct role in the diagnosis and prognosis of urinary system tumors. This paper reviews the recent advances in urinary exosomes as molecular markers for the early diagnosis of genitourinary tumors. Key words: Urine; Exosome; Genitourinary tumors; Biomarkers; Diagnosis; Prognosis