Simulations and Experiments of Beam-Beam Effects in E + E - Storage Rings

Over the past decade, extensive simulations of beam-beam effects in e + e - colliders, based on the particle-in-cell (PIC) method, were developed to explain many complex experimental observations. Recently, such simulations were used to predict the future luminosity performance of e + e - colliders. Some predictions have been proven to be correct in the existing accelerators. In this paper, many effects such as the beam-beam limit, crossing angle, parasitic collisions, betatron spectrum, and the beam-beam lifetime, will be directly compared between simulations and experiments.