The Differential Effects of Bupivacaine and Lidocaine on Prostaglandin E2 Release, Cyclooxygenase Gene Expression and Pain in a Clinical Pain Model

BACKGROUND:In addition to blocking nociceptive input from surgical sites, long-acting local anesthetics might directly modulate inflammation. In the present study, we describe the proinflammatory effects of bupivacaine on local prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and cyclooxygenase (COX) gene express