Hyperlaxity and Multidirectional Shoulder Instability

Hyperlaxity is a condition that often coexists with multidirectional shoulder instability (MDI). Special care must be taken to recognize symptoms of joint hypermobility as it may affect the treatment protocol and results. MDI is usually a combination of altered shoulder girdle muscles activation patterns and failure of static joint restraints. The first line of treatment consists of intensive kinesiotherapy, provided no structural lesions are present. The results of open and arthroscopic surgical treatment and potential risks are discussed in this chapter.