Surgical Neuropelveology: Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Endometriosis. Laparoscopic Resection and Nerve Transplantation.

ABSTRACT Study Objective To demonstrate the application of surgical neuroanatomic principles for the diagnosis and treatment of deep infiltrating endometriosis involving the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Design Video demonstration of laparoscopic lateral femoral cutaneous endometriosis resection with nerve transplant. Setting Endometriosis infiltrating somatic nerves is a poorly known condition, which can cause severe neuropathic symptoms [1] and is often unrecognized with a subsequent treatment delay [1] . Intimate knowledge of pelvic neuroanatomy and expertise in minimally invasive surgery are essential to manage this challenging surgical scenario 2 , 3 , 4 . Interventions Thirty-six years old patient with primary infertility and chronic pelvic pain associated with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dysuria, and dyschezia. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging detected a 3-cm parauterine and a 2-cm retrocervical endometriosis nodule. Magnetic resonance imaging did not demonstrate pelvic nerve involvement. Preoperative neuropelveologic assessment demonstrated a significant hypoesthesia of the corresponding lateral femoral cutaneous nerve dermatome, representing the primary complaint. A swab test showed spotting areas of allodynia. These findings prompted us to investigate for a right lateral femoral cutaneous entrapment. Laparoscopy showed an endometriosis nodule infiltrating the right lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. A resection of the nerve was necessary, and a subsequent reconstruction with a collagen bovine neuro-guide was carried out. The operative time was 300 minutes, and the estimated blood loss was 150 mL. Hospital stay was 3 days. After 3 months, the patient showed a clinical improvement in the pain and hypoesthesia on the reconstructed nerve dermatome. Conclusion Neuropelvic anatomic assessment should be considered during the preoperative evaluation for patients with endometriosis who have pelvic pain and neuropathy as part of the diagnostic process [5] . This unique case demonstrates that nerve resection and transplantation can be used in specific situations for neuropathy related to deep infiltrative endometriosis of pelvic nerves.