Fertility, contraception, abortion and maternal mortality in Cuba

Introduction: sexual and reproductive health care is a priority objective in Cuba because of its human significance for and impact on health. Objective: to describe the characteristics of fertility, abortion, contraception and maternal death in Cuba in 2012, as well the statistical information systems about these elements. Methods: observational and descriptive study of fertility, its determinants and of maternal death. Results: fertility has rapidly declined. Pregnancy was high among adolescents, 11% of them had one live birth and 14 % started their reproductive process. There was wide use of intrauterine contraceptives. Nine percent of contraceptive requirements were unmet, mostly in the Eastern part of the country and in teenagers. Abortion rates remained high, mainly in the Eastern and Central regions. Drug-induced abortion increased to 34 % of the total rate and to 44 % among adolescents. The maternal mortality rate has decreased since the last century; in 2012, it decreased by 29 % against that of 2010. Complications derived from puerperium, ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders accounted for 74 % of direct maternal mortality and 51 % of total maternal mortality at present. Information management for these topics is reliable and timely. Conclusions: advancement and sustainability of the Cuba's indicators in terms of sexual and reproductive health demand greater efforts due to the present difficult economic situation; they also require accurate management, research and intersectoral action with community-wide involvement.