Endovascular and Surgical Approaches of Iatrogenic Vertebro-Vertebral Arteriovenous Fistula

Abstract Vertebro-vertebral arteriovenous fistula is an uncommon vascular disease with no clear management guidelines. It is most commonly caused by iatrogenic injury. Herein, we present with details of two iatrogenic cases and a review to discuss strategies on endovascular and surgical approaches. Based on digital substraction angiography findings, the Vertebro-vertebral arteriovenous fistulae were occluded by endovascular positioning of coils (case 1) and surgical ligation of the fistulae (case 2). Although endovascular approaches are gaining popularity and considered as well-tolerated treatments, open surgical treatment is still reserved for the cases that are the most complex or not feasible for endovascular treatment.