Non-invasive tethered capsule endomicroscopy imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis of the celiac disease from unsedated patients

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that damages the small intestine's villi upon gluten ingestion. Intestinal biopsy via esophagogastroduodenoscopy is the current diagnostic gold standard for CD, but this procedure requires sedation and suffers from sampling error. Here, we conducted a clinical study to test whether image biomarkers derived from duodenal OCT tethered capsule endomicroscopy (TCE) can be used to diagnose CD. Results showed a statistically significant difference in OCT image metrics (villus height & width, contrast, and homogeneity with p<0.0001) among active CD, inactive CD and healthy subjects, demonstrating the potential of TCE for the diagnosis of CD.