Measuring biomass fast pyrolysis kinetics: State of the art
2019
Fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is considered to be a promising thermochemical
route for the production of drop-in fuels and valuable chemicals. During
the past decades, a comprehensive understanding of feedstock structure, fast pyrolysis
kinetics, product distribution, and transport effects that govern the process has
allowed to design better pyrolysis reactors and/or catalysts. A variety of lignocellulosic
biomass feedstocks, like corn stover, pinewood, poplar, and model compounds
like glucose, xylan, monolignols have been utilized to study the thermal
decomposition at or close to fast pyrolysis conditions. Significant progress has
been made in understanding the kinetics by developing unique setups such as droptube,
PHASR, and micropyrolyzer reactors in combination with the use of
advanced analytical techniques such as comprehensive gas and liquid chromatography
(GC, LC) with time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). This has led to initial
intrinsic kinetic models for biomass and its main components, namely
cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, validated using experimental setups where the
effects of heat and mass transfer on the performance of the process, expressed
using Biot and pyrolysis numbers, are adequately negligible. Yet, not all aspects of
fast pyrolysis kinetics of biomass components are equally well understood. The use
of time-resolved or multiplexed experimental techniques can further improve our
understanding of reaction intermediates and their corresponding kinetic mechanisms.
The novel experimental data combined with first principles based multiscale
models can reshape biomass pyrolysis models and transform biomass fast pyrolysis
to a more selective and energy efficient process.
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