Phosphotungstate-sandwiched between cerium oxide and gold nanoparticles exhibit enhanced catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and peroxidase enzyme-like activity.

Abstract The catalytic performance of gold (Au) decorated cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) can be potentially crucial because such a defined arrangement of multiple materials may provide improved chemical and biological catalytic activities. In this work, we have utilized a highly localized approach to reduce Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the nanoceria-phosphotungstate composite's surface. Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) bound on nanoceria's surface acts as a UV-light dependent redox molecule that specifically reduces AuNPs. The mechanistic study demonstrates that PTA* molecules' outstanding electron transfer ability leads to an excellent improvement in the catalytic performance of nanoceria-PTA*-AuNPs composite. Nanoceria-PTA*-AuNPs showed better and faster degradation of 4-nitrophenol than either nanoceria or PTA*-AuNPs. The developed nanoceria-PTA*-AuNPs exhibited efficient (>80% in 5 mins) conversion of 4-NP into 4-AP at room temperature and neutral pH. Additionally, the nanoceria-PTA*-AuNPs also showed improved peroxidase enzyme-like activity than the corresponding control samples. The observed catalytic activity could be due to the rapid electron transfer from nanoceria to AuNPs, where the metal nanoparticle acts as an electron sink, mediated by PTA*. Nanoceria-PTA*-AuNPs showed ∼ 2-fold better catalytic oxidation of peroxidase substrate than PTA*-AuNPs. The reported nanoceria-PTA*-AuNPs nanocomposites are expected to display improved biological enzyme-like activities, photocatalysis, and other biomedical applications.