Antidiabetic Activity of Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica Papaya L.) Isolated with Maceration Method in Alloxan-Induces Diabetic Mice

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder disease that is often found in the world. Treatment with natural products can be an effective alternative in treating diabetes mellitus. Papaya (Carica papaya) has many pharmacological activities that have potential as an antidiabetic. Objective: This study aimed to determine the content of compounds in the papaya leaf ethanol extract and the effect of papaya leaf ethanol extract (Carica papaya L.) on the blood sugar level of diabetic mice induced by alloxan. Methods: The mice were adapted for 7 days and were induced on the 8 days with 180 mg/kg alloxan intraperitoneally. Papaya leaf ethanol extract (Carica papaya L.) was given for 14 days at a dose of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight and was compared to distilled water and alloxan only as negative control and glibenclamide at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight as the positive control. Blood samples were collected on day 1, 7, and 14 to evaluate blood glucose levels before and after treatment. Results: The compounds contained in the ethanol extract of papaya leaf include alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, and saponins. The administration of papaya leaf ethanol extract with 3 doses and glibenclamide at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight could reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic Wistar mice induced by alloxan. The administration at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight of papaya leaf ethanol extract is more effective in reducing blood glucose levels in diabetic Wistar mice compared to 2 mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide. Conclusion: Induction of Carica papaya leaf extracts decreased blood sugar levels but cannot effectively increased the body weight in diabetic mice.