Successful treatment of localised radiation lesions in rats and humans by mesenchymal stem cell transplantation

Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), at early and later stages after local exposure of rats to 140 Gy 90Sr/ 90Y beta radiation, was found to stimulate recovery of damaged skin. The area of local radiation injuries (LRIs) and accelerated healing of radiation ulcers was obtained. Clinical evolution showed the high efficiency of the transplantations of autologous MSCs for the treatment of deep beam ulcers, usually refractive to standard conservative treatment. Analogous to our results in the rats the authors obtained promising results with the application of MSCs for the treatment of severe LRIs in two human patients. Their radiation ulcers showed complete healing after stem cell application. Thus, further developments should determine the best possible conditions for MSC use in LRI treatment.