Multi-Geographical Threshold based Routing Protocol to Enhance Network Lifetime for Wireless Sensor Networks

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an aggregation of sensor nodes which are remotely deployed in large numbers and operate the environmental condition and have limited energy resource. In most of the hierarchical routing protocols, the cluster head (CH) selection is on the basis of random probability equation. There is a scope to reduce the energy dissipation by improving CH selection procedure. The proposed scheme, coined as Multi Geographical Threshold based Routing Protocol, makes use of evolutionary algorithm for improving CH selection in legacy LEACH routing protocol in sensor networks. The concept of relay node is introduced which acts as an intermediary between CH and base station (BS) to ease the communication between the CH and BS. The simulation results obtained supports that our proposed algorithm is efficient in terms of network lifetime.