DSM: Delayed Signature Matching in Deep Packet Inspection

Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) is widely used in network management and network security systems. The core part of existing DPI is signature matching, and many researchers focus on improving the signature-matching algorithms. In this paper, we work from a different angle: The scheduling of signature matching. We propose a Delayed Signature Matching (DSM) method, in which we do not always immediately match received packets to the signatures since there may be not enough packets received yet. Instead, we predefine some rules, and evaluate the packets against these rules first to decide when to start signature matching and which signatures to match. The predefined rules are convenient to create and maintain since they support custom expressions and statements and can be created in a text rule file. The correctness and performance of the DSM method are theoretically analyzed as well. Finally, we implement a prototype of the DSM method in the open-source DPI library nDPI, and find that it can reduce the signature-matching time about 30∼84% in different datasets, with even smaller memory consumption. Note that the abstract syntax trees (ASTs) used to implement DSM rule evaluation are usually symmetric, and the DSM method supports asymmetric (i.e., single-direction) traffic as well.