Two-dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites as emergent ferroelectric materials

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOIP) materials have attracted significant attention in photovoltaics, light emission, photodetection, etc. Based on the prototype metal halide perovskite crystal, there is a huge space for tuning the composition and crystal structure of this material, which would provide great potential to render multiple physical properties beyond the ongoing emphasis on the optoelectronic property. Recently, the two-dimensional (2D) HOIPs have emerged as a potential candidate for a new class of ferroelectrics with high Curie temperature and spontaneous polarization. Room-temperature solution-processability further makes HOIP a promising alternative to traditional oxide ferroelectrics such as BaTiO3 and PbTiO3. In this perspective, we focus on the molecular aspects of 2D HOIPs, their correlation with macroscopic properties, as well as the material design rules assisted by advanced simulation tools (e.g., machine learning and atomistic modeling techniques). The perspective provides a comprehensive discussion on the structural origin of ferroelectricity, current progress in the design of new materials, and potential opportunities and challenges with emerging materials. We expect that this perspective will provide inspiration for innovation in 2D HOIP ferroelectrics.