Intraoperative Extracorporeal Life Support for Thoracic and Airway Surgery

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) encompasses a spectrum of temporary mechanical support for patients with heart or lung dysfunction that does not respond to traditional critical care therapy. The term ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) is often used when the primary indication for support is failure of gas exchange. The physiologic goals vary with patient needs but may include oxygenation and CO2 removal, increased oxygen delivery via improved perfusion and the provision of lung rest and cardiac unloading. ECLS is available in an increasing number of specialised centres and may be of short duration (hours) to facilitate a surgical procedure or provide support for prolonged periods (weeks to months).