Updated evaluation of sonic boom noise metrics

There is no internationally agreed-upon standard noise metric that can be used to quantify sonic boom levels from overflight of supersonic aircraft. Several laboratory studies have investigated perception of sonic booms in outdoor environments, as well as in indoor environments, where transmission loss alters the spectral content and level of the sonic boom and additional factors such as secondary rattle noise and vibration affect perception. Each study has previously been evaluated separately for performance of noise metrics, and the results do not clearly indicate a preferred metric. Meta-analyses have also been performed to evaluate the performance of metrics across five of these studies. An additional sixth study of human response that incorporates rattle noise resulting from sonic booms at representative levels was recently conducted and has been added to the meta-analysis. The analysis considered thirteen metrics with three meta-analysis methodologies: individual subject ratings for indoor studies, mean ratings for indoor studies, and mean ratings for both indoor and outdoor studies. Considering both indoor and outdoor studies, this latest analysis confirmed previous results on the five metrics with highest correlation (r2) across studies: PL, BSEL, DSEL, ESEL, and ISBAP (Indoor Sonic Boom Annoyance Predictor). There is no internationally agreed-upon standard noise metric that can be used to quantify sonic boom levels from overflight of supersonic aircraft. Several laboratory studies have investigated perception of sonic booms in outdoor environments, as well as in indoor environments, where transmission loss alters the spectral content and level of the sonic boom and additional factors such as secondary rattle noise and vibration affect perception. Each study has previously been evaluated separately for performance of noise metrics, and the results do not clearly indicate a preferred metric. Meta-analyses have also been performed to evaluate the performance of metrics across five of these studies. An additional sixth study of human response that incorporates rattle noise resulting from sonic booms at representative levels was recently conducted and has been added to the meta-analysis. The analysis considered thirteen metrics with three meta-analysis methodologies: individual subject ratings for indoor studies,...