Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis infected with the Providencia stuartii: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare and severe chronic inflammatory disease of the renal parenchyma, which is most commonly associated with super-infections by bacteria such as E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, and occasionally Pseudomonas species. CASE PRESENTATION Herein, we present a rare case of a patient with XGP infected with Providencia stuartii. Initially, the patient refused nephrectomy and underwent holmium laser lithotripsy and right ureteral stenting, followed by meropenem treatment of 7 days. Relapse occurred in the third month after discharge from the hospital, due to which she underwent a radical nephrectomy. DISCUSSION The diagnosis of XGP is confirmed by histopathology. The standard treatment for XGP is antibiotic therapy and radical nephrectomy, but partial nephrectomy may be appropriate in select cases.