Dynamic mitral regurgitation and acute pulmonary edema

We report the case of a 61-year old patient with signs and symptoms of heart failure with mid-range left ventricular ejection fraction and moderate mitral regurgitation of mixed etiology (rheumatic heart disease, toxic and ischemic). The dynamic behaviour of the mitral regurgitation was revealed by an acute episode of pulmonary edema in the context of an abrupt elevation of blood pressure inducing an increase in left ventricular afterload. Dynamic mitral regurgitation must be considered in any patient with exercise dyspnea who has a moderate mitral regurgitation in resting conditions or in patients with repeated acute pulmonary edema without an obvious cause. Exercise stress echocardiography is the best diagnostic test to explore the dynamic behaviour of the mitral regurgitation. Surgery or percutaneous treatment may be proposed in severe cases.