Effect of injection timing on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with quaternary blends

A quaternary blend is prepared with the constituencies as diesel, biodiesel, rice bran oil and pentanol. The prepared blend is tested for its properties and performance in the engine. Injection timing plays major role in deciding the performance and combustion characteristics of the engine. Four types of injection timings are altered for finding the influence of it on the diesel engine operating with the prepared quaternary blend. The performance of the engine stated, on advancing the injection timing the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) values are increasing but on further advancing it could not. Retarded injection timings influenced on more fuel consumption. The NOx emissions are higher for advanced injection timings but as a contradiction the carbon emissions are reduced. Overall, a slight increase in the injection timing enhanced the engine performance and promoted for lesser emissions operated with the proposed quaternary blend.