Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result of laparoscopic myomectomy—report of four cases

Between 2008 and 2010, four patients were treated for leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata, three were symptomatic and in one pelvic tumor was found during a routine pelvic examination. All four patients were in reproductive age and had never used any hormonal medication. Possible etiological factors were analyzed. The only common feature we found in these patients was laparoscopic myomectomy (in one additional laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy 1 year after the first procedure) performed 3–11 years previously. Laparoscopy confirmed multiple myoma-like tumors and was converted to laparotomy in two patients; in the two patients, the tumors were removed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic myomectomy with morcellation could be an etiological factor for leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. In selected cases and in experienced hands, the disease can be treated laparoscopically.