Limb lengthening with PRECICE magnetic nail in pediatric patients: A systematic review

Background Limb lengthening techniques play an increasingly important role in the pediatric orthopedic field. The principles of the osteogenesis distraction bonded traditionally with external fixators; however, the recent deployment of fully implantable systems has been able to overcome severities related to external fixators. The PRECICE® is an implantable limb lengthening intramedullary nail system that is remotely controlled and magnetically driven. Aim To review the current literature available on this matter in order to assess the PRECICE clinical and radiological outcomes and its possible complications in a population of pediatric patients undergoing limb lengthening. Methods Only five studies met the inclusion criteria and were consequently included in the review for a total of 131 patients and 135 femurs. The clinical and radiological outcomes of interest were: the main lengthening obtained, the distraction rate, the period of time to full weight bearing, the consolidation index, and the Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov score. Results In conclusion, data collected from the articles under investigation were comparable with the exception of the consolidation index. Unfortunately, the study population was too small and the patients' follow-up was too short to make definitive conclusions. Conclusion This review shows that the PRECICE Nail System is still a therapeutic challenge in limb lengthening for pediatric orthopedic surgeons; however, careful pre-operative planning and an accurate surgical technique could allow the correction of more complex deformities with a low rate of complications.