Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 Promoter Polymorphisms, Their Serum Levels, and Activities with Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC) in an Iranian Population.

The serum levels and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with the risk of coronary artery calcification (CAC). We sought to investigate the association between MMP-2 -1575G>A (rs243866) and MMP-9 -1562 C>T (rs3918242) SNPs with MMP-2 and MMP-9 serum levels and activity in individuals with CAC. One hundred and fifty-five cases with CAC and 155 healthy individuals as control group from West of Iran were included and frequency of genotypes and alleles of rs243866 and rs3918242 in MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes were determined using PCR–RFLP. We also investigated the serum levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their activity using ELISA and gelatin zymography, respectively. Additionally, serum biochemical parameters including FBS (fasting blood sugar), urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL (high-density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), calcium, and phosphorus as well as blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) were measured. Our results showed that both serum levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (P  A (rs243866) and MMP-9 -1562 C>T (rs3918242) SNPs, respectively, may predispose the individuals to CAC by acting as the risk factors. Serum levels and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were found to be higher in CAC cases when compared to the healthy controls. Carriers of A allele in rs243866 SNP and T allele in rs3918242 SNP were shown to have higher MMP-2 and MMP-9 serum levels and activity that may result in increased ECM degradation and support the initiation and development of calcification.