Mycobacterium xenopi infection of a 50-year-old oil plombage complicated by bronchopleural and pleurocutaneous fistulas.

We report the rare combination of simultaneous bronchopleural and pleurocutaneous fistulas 50 years after oil plombage, together with infection of both the plombage and the contralateral lung with Mycobacterium xenopi. Our case documents imaging patterns of complex fistula formation and subsequent infection resulting from oil plombage. Our case also emphasizes the infectious potential of Mycobacterium xenopi.