Current Perioperative Therapy for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Radical cystectomy is curative in only approximately 50% of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Although perioperative radiotherapy has been tested with the intent of improving locoregional disease control, there currently is no role for this modality in routine care. Perioperative systemic therapy is used with the intent of reducing the risk of systemic recurrence. Robust trial evidence supports the use of neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy, with adjuvant chemotherapy offered as an alternative if neoadjuvant therapy is not administered. Perioperative immunotherapy represents the next frontier in perioperative therapy. Further biomarker development is required to guide treatment in individual patients.