Protective effects of luteolin on injury induced inflammation through reduction of tissue uric acid and pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats

Abstract Background and aim Luteolin belongs to flavone group of flavonoids, present in many plants with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. The objective of present study was to investigate protective effect of luteolin on injury induced inflammation via Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals induced and Acetaminophen (AMP) induced liver injury in rats. Experimental procedure Protective effect of luteolin was observed by measurement of rat paw edema, lysosomal enzymes, antioxidants status and cytokine level. Measurement of uric acid level and neutrophil infiltration were done in AMP induced liver injury in rats. Luteolin was tested at 30 and 50 mg/kg doses and compare with colchicine. Results and conclusion Luteolin significantly decreases paw edema in dose dependent manner compare to control group in MSU crystal-induced rats. Luteolin (50 mg/kg) was showed significant decrease in serum level of oxidative and lysosomal enzymes, proinflammatory cytokines i.e. tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (39.28 ± 3.17), interleukin (IL)-1β (12.07 ± 1.24), and IL-6 (24.72 ± 2.52) in MSU crystal-induced rats. In AMP induced liver injury, tissue uric acid level and myeloperoxidase were decreased significantly after treatment with luteolin as well as N-acetylcysteine. Serum level of liver enzymes was significantly reduced after treatment with luteolin. Histological observation of ankle joints and liver was support to protective effect of luteolin at both doses. In conclusion, luteolin showed anti-inflammatory effect through restoration of cytokine level, lysosomal enzymes level and antioxidants status. The reduction of liver tissue uric acid content may be one of the mechanisms for protective effect of luteolin. It can contribute to reduce injury induced inflammation.