Propriedades mecânicas do músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas, imobilizado e posteriormente submetido a diferentes protocolos de alongamento

Stretching is widely employed in physiotherapeutic clinical practice and in sportive activities; however, the mechanical alterations of the skeletal muscle generated by this technique are poorly scientifically investigated. This study evaluated the mechanical alterations suffered by the gastrocnemius muscle of young adult female Wistar rats, submitted to14 days of immobilization followed by passive manual stretching during 10 consecutive days once or twice a day. Fifty animals were equally distributed in five groups, Control (CG); Immobilized (IG); Immobilized and liberated (ILG); Immobilized and submitted to stretching once a day (IEG1); Immobilized and submitted to stretching twice a day (IEG2). The gastrocnemius muscle was analyzed by mechanical traction assay and the properties related to load and maximal and proportional stretching evaluated in addition to stiffness and resilience. Immobilization decreased load at maximal thresholds (MTL), load at proportional thresholds (LPT), stretch at maximal thresholds (SMT), stiffness and resilience were reduced in 44.4%, 34.4%, 27.6%, 64.4% and 54% respectively, compared to CG values. With subsequent free remobilization and stretching, all parameters were restored except for IEG2 in which SMT remained reduced in 31.3%, when compared to CG. It is concluded that after 14 days of segmental immobilization, individual stretching loads and free movements contribute to regain muscle mechanical properties.