Across scales: novel insights into kidney health and disease by structural biology.

Abstract Over the last decades, structural biology methods such as X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy have been increasingly used to study protein functions, molecular interactions, physiological processes, and disease mechanisms. This review will outline a selection of structural biology methods, highlight recent examples of how structural analyses have contributed to a more profound understanding of the machinery of life, and give a perspective on how these methods can be applied to investigate functions of kidney molecules and pathogenic mechanisms of renal diseases.